Dutch farmers started fires near highways on Tuesday, disrupting traffic as they protested against the government budget, while saboteurs also tied pipes to railway tracks ahead of the state opening of parliament.
Railway operator ProRail said pipes had been found attached to railways in more than 20 locations early on Tuesday, mainly in rural areas in the middle and the east of the country.
Later, fires erupted around midday in several places alongside highways, forcing authorities to close roads and seriously affecting traffic.
The fires were caused by angry farmers who had chosen government budget day to set hay bales and car tires alight, activist group Farmers Defense Force said.
"We feel like the country is on fire. Farmers feel as though their businesses are on fire because of the government's plans," spokesperson Sieta van Keimpema said.
Farmers Defense Force said it was not responsible for the railway sabotage, but added it could not rule out that angry farmers had acted individually.
The Dutch intelligence agency AIVD said it was investigating the railway sabotage alongside police and prosecutors. They declined to comment on their investigations.
Promise of compensation for farmers
The government's budget plans for 2027 were set out by King Willem-Alexander as he opened a new session of parliament on Tuesday afternoon.
The budget plans have sparked widespread protests in recent months, including by farmers arguing that they are being unfairly blamed for nitrogen pollution.
In his speech, written by Prime Minister Rob Jetten, the king said it would be "irresponsible" not to tackle the nitrogen issue, even though this could hurt farmers.
The government has promised financial compensation for farmers whose businesses would be hit by plans to restore nature reserves.
ProRail said it was clear that materials discovered on the railways had been placed there deliberately.
"We are therefore now classifying this as sabotage of the railway tracks," ProRail spokesperson Joke van der Cruysen said.
All trains in the vicinity of the track blockages were halted, while there were also serious disruptions elsewhere, including international services to Germany.
The pipes not only disrupted rail travel but also road traffic, as several level crossings had to remain closed, ProRail said.