Mecca Joint Defense Agreement

Syria, Saudi Arabia expand partnership with defense cooperation agreement amid Houthi threat

The agreement between the countries’ defense ministries was signed during talks between al-Sharaa and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman on November 4.

Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa ​meets Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, November 4, 2026.
A fighter loyal to Yemen's internationally-recognised government fires a machine gun balanced on a motorcycle at a position along the frontlines against the Houthis around Mount al-Midan in Yemen's western Taiz province on October 26, 2026.

Syria denies plans to send troops to Yemen as Saudi military ties deepen

Turkey’s President Recep Tayyip Erdogan speaks to MPs at his party's group meeting in the Turkish parliament on January 21, 2026 in Ankara, Turkey.

Turkey's parliament ratifies Mecca defense pact, clearing way for military support to Saudi Arabia

A satellite imagery shows Bab el Mandeb Strait, as Iran threatens using Yemen's Houthi allies to shut the Bab el-Mandeb gateway to the Red Sea Wednesday, 15th July 2026

Yemen gov’t tightens import controls as Houthis reportedly demand $51 billion from Saudi Arabia


Iran at the threshold, Israel outside the room - opinion

Nuclear facilities have been damaged, but subsequent US intelligence assessments do not indicate a significant increase in the time Iran would need to produce a weapon. 

 An Iranian missile is displayed during a rally marking the annual Quds Day, or Jerusalem Day, on the last Friday of the holy month of Ramadan in Tehran, Iran April 29, 2022.

'Horrific terrorist attack': Netanyahu, world leaders condemn Houthi attack on Riyadh airport

"We may. We're going to look at it. We just found out about the recent attack, so we'll make a decision," US President Donald Trump said. "We move very quickly."

Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu speaks during the 81st session of the United Nations General Assembly at U.N. Headquarters in New York City, Sept. 24, 2026.

Between the straits: The world cannot afford to yield to Iran - opinion

The US and its allies have no alternative but to prove to Iran-backed terror groups that closing straits to influence the global economy and political and operational decisions will not succeed.

 An Iranian missile system is displayed next to a banner with a picture of Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, during Iranian defence week, in a street in Tehran, Iran, September 24, 2024.

Mecca defense pact puts Turkey’s commitment to Saudi under domestic scrutiny - analysis

The Mecca pact is moving from declaration to implementation, exposing unresolved questions in Turkey over troop deployments, parliamentary authority, and the risk of direct involvement in Yemen.

Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan speaks during a meeting at his ruling AK Party (AKP) in Ankara, Turkey, October 7, 2026.

Turkey sending technical, defensive support to Saudi Arabia to help fight Houthis, officials say

Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, speaking to the media after a meeting of the Mecca alliance, said the sides had discussed what support to provide Saudi Arabia for its defensive capabilities.

Houthi supporters rally to celebrate advances by Houthi forces along the Red Sea coastline, in Sanaa, Yemen, September 18, 2026.

Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Turkey defense pact faces first test in Houthi offensive - analysis

The new alliance has taken shape over recent months, with September’s Houthi offensive and missile attacks on Saudi Arabia presenting its first major test.

Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, accompanied by their ministers of Foreign Affairs and Defence, pose after signing a joint defense agreement in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, August 7, 2026.

Mecca defense signees converging to discuss Houthi threat after Baghaei warns of escalation

The meeting comes a day after Iranian FM Esmail Baghaei said he hoped a “rumor” that Pakistan had deployed troops to Saudi Arabia was untrue, warning that intervention would complicate the situation.

Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, accompanied by their ministers of Foreign Affairs and Defence, pose after signing a joint defense agreement in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, August 7, 2026.

Saudi Arabia turns to Pakistan, Turkey as US refuses to intervene against Houthi threat - analysis

The kingdom is searching for friends beyond Washington, for allies ready to put rockets where the rhetoric is and assist in a fight Saudi Arabia considers existential.

Turkish President Tayyip Erdogan, Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman and Pakistan's Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif chat after signing a joint defense agreement in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, August 7, 2026.

Turkey says Mecca pact committee to meet in Riyadh on October 5

"The meeting will address recent developments in the region and the stage reached in the Alliance’s institutionalization efforts," the Turkish statement said.

Turkey's Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, Pakistan's Foreign Minister Mohammad Ishaq Dar, Saudi Arabia's Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan Al Saud, and other officials pose before the first committee meeting for the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, in Istanbul, Turkey, August 31, 2026.

Pakistan says Mecca pact members to hold emergency talks on engaging Houthis

Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Pakistan are set to decide next steps for engaging Yemen's Houthis politically following increased attacks by the Iran-backed group.

Pakistan's Deputy Prime Minister, and Minister for Foreign Affairs, Mohammad Ishaq Dar attends a meeting with Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty to discuss stability in the region following an interim deal between the U.S. and Iran, at Tahrir Palace in Cairo, Egypt June 21, 2026.